The Pompeii Amphitheater is the oldest known example of a Roman amphitheater and one of the most significant sites for understanding public entertainment in antiquity. Located to the east of the city, this amphitheater could hold up to 20,000 spectators and was dedicated to games and public performances, such as gladiatorial contests, naval battles, and other events.

Built around 80 BC, the Pompeii Amphitheater is a masterpiece of ancient engineering. The structure features two tiers of stone seating arranged in an elliptical shape, which ensured a clear and unobstructed view of the central arena from any point. The steps were designed to provide comfortable access for spectators and are still well-preserved, allowing for a detailed view of the grandeur of the architecture.

The central area, or arena, was where the combats took place. It was a sandy area designed to absorb blood and impacts, and it still shows remnants of the structures that allowed the entry and exit of animals and gladiators. The underground galleries beneath the arena, known as "vomitoria," were used for the passage and preparation of fighters and animals.

This amphitheater not only served for performances but also acted as a place of social and political gathering, reflecting the importance of public games in Roman culture.